托福、雅思英语写作中常用到的短语

    （1）.癖性idiosyncratic adj.特性的；癖性的 （Given a choice they will pursue theirown idiosyncratic area of interest.）
　　inclination n. （follow one‘s own inclination || I have no inclination to be a doctor.）
　　（2）. 若干重

　　a double-edged sword 双刃剑e.g. This type ofadvertisement can be a doubt-edged sword， when the product does not make theperson “be like” the person in the advertisement， there can be disappointmentand disillusionment with the product.
　　a two-edged weapon 双重武器e.g. As is sooften pointed out， knowledge is a two-edged weapon which can be used equallyfor good or evil.
　　twofold/threefold/manifold adj.双重/三重/多种e.g. We have toask ourselves very seriously what will happen is this twofold use of knowledge，with its ever-increasing power， continues.
　　e.g. The City Council has a manifold plan to beautify the city.
　　（3）. have little bearing on … 与…无关e.g. Moreover，assisting large cities would have little bearing on our distinctcultural traditions， which abide elsewhere.
　　with respect to… 关于e.g. Personaleconomic success might be due either to one’s investment strategy or to one‘swork or career. With respect to the former， non-conformists with enoughrisk tolerance and patience invariably achieve more success than conformists. Withrespect to the latter， while non-conformists are more likely to succeed innewer industries where markets and technology are in constant flux， conformistsare more likely to succeed in traditional service industries ensconced insystems and regulations.
　 托福、雅思英语写作中常用到的短语

  　（4）. 先天的，天生的innate adj.先天的， 天生的 （Correct ideas are not innate in the mind， but come fromsocial practice.）
　　［O］ acquired adj.后天习得的
　　inborn adj.天生的 （an inborn sense ofthe appropriate || inborn intelligence）
　　（5）. 利用；有益于conduce to 有助于e.g. encouraging students to questionand criticize is conducing to the development of democratic spirits.
　　be beneficial to …
　　e.g. A national core curriculum would be beneficial to a nation in anumber of respects.
　　harness v.利用e.g. The dilemma facing leadersin all areas of life is how to best assess these individuals to determine howto best harness heir capabilities to reach their ultimate productivecapabilities.
　　take advantage of …
　　make its contribution to …
　　（6）. 消除；减轻
　　eliminate v. 排除，消除（eliminate the false and retain the true || eliminate thepossibility of= preclude the possibility of）
　　diminish v. 使减小，使变少（diminish one’s reputation || diminish the cost of production）
　　undermine v.破坏，削弱 （formal study of thepresent culture at the expanse of studying past cultures can underminethe function of higher education， and ultimately provide a disservice tostudents and to society.）
　　（7）. 恶化；加剧
　　exacerbate v. 恶化， 增剧， 激怒， 使加剧， 使烦恼e.g. Thisproblems would only be exacerbated were these decisions left exclusivelyto federal regulators.
　　e.g. a speech that exacerbated racial tensions || a heavy rainfall that exacerbatedthe flood problems.
　　aggravate v.
　　（8）. 过度；过分
　　exorbitant adj.过度的；过高的 （exorbitant rents || exorbitantly expensive || exorbitant amount of money）
　　undue adj.过度的；过分的 （apply undue pressure to make s.b. change his mind）
　　overemphasize v.
 托福、雅思英语写作中常用到的短语

　　（9）. 导致、造成pose 引起某事物，造成，提出e.g. Winter posesparticular difficulties for the elderly.
　　e.g. However， a common curriculum that is also an exclusive one would posecertain problems.
　　render v.致使，造成e.g. Your actionhas rendered our contract invalid.e.g. This trend renders a society’s members more vulnerable todemagoguery.
　　breed v.导致；造成e.g. The speakerunfairly suggests that large cities serve as the primary breeding groundand sanctuaries for a nation’s cultural traditions.
　　e.g. Dirt breeds disease. || Unemployment breeds social unrest （ 社会不安定 ） 。
　　burgeon v.迅速发展；发芽 （burgeoning cities || burgeoning Internet commerce）
　　outgrowth n.长出， 派出， 结果， 副产物e.g. A thirduniquely contemporary problem is an outgrowth of the inexorable advancement ofscientific knowledge.
　　e.g. Inflation is an outgrowth of war.
　　（10）. 探求、努力：
　　seek to …探求，寻求
　　e.g. One compelling argument in favor of a global university has to do with thefact that its faculty and students would bring diverse cultural and educationalperspectives to the problems they seek to solve.
　　strive to …努力e.g. studentsshould strive to excel in the specific requirements of their major course ofstudy
　　probe v./n.探求，探查
　　e.g. probe a matter to the bottom
　　e.g. Does his/her cultural background allows him/her to freely probe theintricacy of the work？
　　e.g. Even in his philosophical probinghe cannot go behind these stereotypes; his veryconcepts of the true and the false will still have reference to his particulartraditional customs.
　　（11）. 资助、赞助：subsidize v.资助， 津贴 （Subsidizing cultural traditions is not a proper role of government.）
　　patron n.资助人；赞助人 （cultural patron）
　　on the patronage of …
　　e.g. culture has always depended primarily on the patronage ofprivate individuals and businesses.
　　under the auspices of …
　　e.g. During this period， on significant scientific advances occurred underthe auspices of the government.
　　（12）. 增强、提高escalate v.增强提高 （the escalating cost of addressingthese problems）
　　enhance/ promote/ augment / elevate v. （… was elevating their notion about …）
　　（13）. 方法、途径：
　　avenue n.大街， 方法， 途径， 路h小游戏 （an avenue to success）
　　approach n.
　　（14）. ostensible adj.表面上的e.g. Today’shigh-tech firms seem compelled to boldly go to what effort is required todevise increasingly complex products， for the ostensible purpose ofstaying ahead of their
　　（15）. 获得；达到 角度；方面  短暂/长远  危险；危害  分配 较后地；较终地
　　acquire/gain/attain/achieve |||| angles/aspect/facet/side/respect ||||transient， ephemeral / enduring， permanent |||| menace， jeopardize， imperil，endanger |||| allocate/ distribute/ assign |||| eventually/ultimately

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